There is a perception that Vatican II erred by accepting a previously condemned version of liberalism. For example, Marcel Lefebvre (d. 1991) even entitled a
Indifferentism is the belief that God is indifferent to religious differences. It is the view that it does not matter what religion people follow, as
Origen (c.185–253) was lauded as “the greatest teacher in the Church, after the Apostles,” by Didymus the Blind (d. 398). But he was also condemned
The Second Vatican Council called for “active participation” in the Liturgy in its Constitution on the Sacred Liturgy (i.e., Sacrosanctum Concilium, 1963). What exactly the
Montanus was an early Church heretic. His views remain interesting because they raise a question which confronts every generation of Christians. It is the question
When people ask this question, they are usually asking a religious question about the reality of the Resurrection. However, there is a different mathematical question
The problem of the Biblical Canon (or the problem of Canonicity) is the question of which books and textual passages count as inspired Scripture, and
In 1962 the Second Vatican Council was opened as an Ecumenical Council. It took place under the governance of the 1917 Code of Canon Law,
Christians sometimes argue about canonicity, i.e., which books should be in the Bible (see “Bible Canon: What Is the Problem?”). One potential solution is to
The Catechism of the Catholic Church states that there are twelve fruit(s) of the Spirit (CCC 1832). It references that claim to the Scriptural text
The New Testament contains quotes from, and allusions to, other literature. Some sources identify as many as 132 such influences. A question sometimes raised is
Christians have historically argued about the contents of the Bible. (For details, see “Bible Canon: What is the Problem?”). One way to try to resolve
Over the centuries Christians have disagreed about which texts constitute Scripture, and about what the contents of the Bible should be. This is the problem
The modern world is familiar with the idea of “identifying as.” This may be the Transgenderism of a biological sex “identifying as” a different gender.
The First Vatican Council (1870) said that the pope has supreme authority in the Church (Pastor Aeternus 3.2). The Second Vatican Council (1965) said that
Biblical texts like the book of Genesis exist in a Septuagint version, and they exist in a Masoretic Hebrew version. Unsurprisingly, that has led to
Until Vatican II (1965) the Catholic Church carried out missionary activity to convert Jews to Christianity. In 2015 the Vatican said that “it neither conducts
Since the early 1950s there have been five versions of the (Catholic) Good Friday prayers for the Jews. Yet the issues still generate differences of
For many centuries the Church taught that “there is no salvation outside the Church.” On the surface this seems to be a straightforward claim that
Within contemporary Orthodoxy there is a disagreement about which calendar to use. It is a potentially serious disagreement, as it has led to breaches in
Supersessionism is the view that Christianity has “superseded,” or “replaced,” Judaism as the (single) path to salvation. In 2015 the Vatican said: Supersessionism steadily gained
Supersessionism (also called Replacement Theology or Substitution Theory) is the idea that Christianity has superseded Judaism, and replaced it as the (single) path to salvation.
